Sets - Advanced Python 04

my_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
print(my_set)

# or use the set function and create from an iterable, e.g. list, tuple, string
my_set_2 = set(["one", "two", "three"])
my_set_2 = set(("one", "two", "three"))
print(my_set_2)

my_set_3 = set("aaabbbcccdddeeeeeffff")
print(my_set_3)

# careful: an empty set cannot be created with {}, as this is interpreted as dict
# use set() instead
a = {}
print(type(a))
a = set()
print(type(a))

{'banana', 'apple', 'cherry'}
{'three', 'one', 'two'}
{'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a'}
<class 'dict'>
<class 'set'>

my_set = set()

# use the add() method to add elements
my_set.add(42)
my_set.add(True)
my_set.add("Hello")

# note: the order does not matter, and might differ when printed
print(my_set)

# nothing happens when the element is already present:
my_set.add(42)
print(my_set)

{True, 42, 'Hello'}
{True, 42, 'Hello'}

# remove(x): removes x, raises a KeyError if element is not present
my_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
my_set.remove("apple")
print(my_set)

# KeyError:
# my_set.remove("orange")

# discard(x): removes x, does nothing if element is not present
my_set.discard("cherry")
my_set.discard("blueberry")
print(my_set)

# clear() : remove all elements
my_set.clear()
print(my_set)

# pop() : return and remove a random element
a = {True, 2, False, "hi", "hello"}
print(a.pop())
print(a)

{'banana', 'cherry'}
{'banana'}
set()
False
{True, 2, 'hi', 'hello'}

my_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
if "apple" in my_set:
    print("yes")

yes

# Iterating over a set by using a for in loop
# Note: order is not important
my_set = {"apple", "banana", "cherry"}
for i in my_set:
    print(i)

banana
apple
cherry

odds = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
evens = {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}
primes = {2, 3, 5, 7}

# union() : combine elements from both sets, no duplication
# note that this does not change the two sets
u = odds.union(evens)
print(u)

# intersection(): take elements that are in both sets
i = odds.intersection(evens)
print(i)

i = odds.intersection(primes)
print(i)

i = evens.intersection(primes)
print(i)

{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
set()
{3, 5, 7}
{2}

setA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
setB = {1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12}

# difference() : returns a set with all the elements from the setA that are not in setB.
diff_set = setA.difference(setB)
print(diff_set)

# A.difference(B) is not the same as B.difference(A)
diff_set = setB.difference(setA)
print(diff_set)

# symmetric_difference() : returns a set with all the elements that are in setA and setB but not in both
diff_set = setA.symmetric_difference(setB)
print(diff_set)

# A.symmetric_difference(B) = B.symmetric_difference(A)
diff_set = setB.symmetric_difference(setA)
print(diff_set)

{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
{10, 11, 12}
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

setA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
setB = {1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12}

# update() : Update the set by adding elements from another set.
setA.update(setB)
print(setA)

# intersection_update() : Update the set by keeping only the elements found in both
setA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
setA.intersection_update(setB)
print(setA)

# difference_update() : Update the set by removing elements found in another set.
setA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
setA.difference_update(setB)
print(setA)

# symmetric_difference_update() : Update the set by only keeping the elements found in either set, but not in both
setA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
setA.symmetric_difference_update(setB)
print(setA)

# Note: all update methods also work with other iterables as argument, e.g lists, tuples
# setA.update([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
{1, 2, 3}
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}

set_org = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

# this just copies the reference to the set, so be careful
set_copy = set_org

# now modifying the copy also affects the original
set_copy.update([3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(set_copy)
print(set_org)

# use copy() to actually copy the set
set_org = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set_copy = set_org.copy()

# now modifying the copy does not affect the original
set_copy.update([3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
print(set_copy)
print(set_org)

{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

setA = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
setB = {1, 2, 3}
# issubset(setX): Returns True if setX contains the set
print(setA.issubset(setB))
print(setB.issubset(setA)) # True

# issuperset(setX): Returns True if the set contains setX
print(setA.issuperset(setB)) # True
print(setB.issuperset(setA))

# isdisjoint(setX) : Return True if both sets have a null intersection, i.e. no same elements
setC = {7, 8, 9}
print(setA.isdisjoint(setB))
print(setA.isdisjoint(setC))

False
True
True
False
False
True

a = frozenset([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])

# The following is not allowed:
# a.add(5)
# a.remove(1)
# a.discard(1)
# a.clear()

# Also no update methods are allowed:
# a.update([1,2,3])

# Other set operations work
odds = frozenset({1, 3, 5, 7, 9})
evens = frozenset({0, 2, 4, 6, 8})
print(odds.union(evens))
print(odds.intersection(evens))
print(odds.difference(evens))

frozenset({0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9})
frozenset()
frozenset({1, 3, 5, 7, 9})